Layout level design for testability strategy applied to a CMOS cell library

The layout level design for testability (LLDFT) rules used here allow to avoid some hard to detect faults or even undetectable faults on a cell library by modifying the cell layout without changing their behavior and achieving a good level of reliability. These rules avoid some open faults or reduce their appearance probability. The main purpose has been to apply that set of LLDFT rules on the cells of the library designed at the Centre Nacional de Microelectronica (CNM) in order to obtain a highly testable cell library. The authors summarize the main results (area overhead and performance degradation) of the application of the LLDFT rules on the cell

Penerapan Tema Pesawat Terbang pada Museum Teknologi Penerbangan

Perkembangan teknologi pada saat ini semakin pesat, terutama perkembangan transportasi di Indonesia, khususnya di bidang transportasi udara. Semakin banyak pesawat yang terbang melintasi langit nusantara dan semakin banyak pula jenisnya. Beragam teknologi canggih ditambahkan pada pesawat-pesawat tersebut untuk mendukung performa dan meningkatkan keamanannya. Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat harus diimbangi dengan adanya pembelajaran bagi generasi penerus. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya fasilitas yang mampu memawadahi hal tersebut, salah satunya dengan perancangan museum teknologi penerbangan. Museum teknologi penerbangan dirancang berdasarkan sifat pesawat, salah satunya dengan gubahan massa yang menyerupai pesawat terbang. Dengan adanya museum teknologi pesawat ini diharapkan mampu mewadahi permasalahan tersebut

Penerapan Tema “Pesawat Terbang” pada Museum Teknologi Penerbangan

Perkembangan teknologi pada saat ini semakin pesat, terutama perkembangan transportasi di Indonesia, khususnya di bidang transportasi udara. Semakin banyak pesawat yang terbang melintasi langit nusantara dan semakin banyak pula jenisnya. Beragam teknologi canggih ditambahkan pada pesawat-pesawat tersebut untuk mendukung performa dan meningkatkan keamanannya. Perkembangan teknologi yang pesat harus diimbangi dengan adanya pembelajaran bagi generasi penerus. Oleh karena itu  perlu adanya fasilitas yang mampu memawadahi hal tersebut, salah satunya dengan perancangan museum teknologi penerbangan. Museum teknologi penerbangan dirancang berdasarkan sifat pesawat, salah satunya dengan gubahan massa yang menyerupai pesawat terbang. Dengan adanya museum teknologi pesawat ini diharapkan mampu mewadahi permasalahan tersebut

Outside- in single-lasso loop technique for meniscal repair: Fast, economic, and reproducible

The current understanding of the biomechanical role of the meniscus, in conjunction with the increasing efforts to achieve its preservation within the orthopaedic community during treatment of meniscal lesions, has prompted the development of different meniscal repair techniques. The outside-in technique is recommended for anterior horn and middle-segment meniscal tears and has been recognized as a low-cost procedure with a low incidence of complications. Diverse modifications of this technique have been published over the past decade. On the basis of these previous outside-in technique modifications and aiming to simplify and reduce the number of surgical steps, as well as simplify suture and/or instrument manipulation, during this technique, we describe the single–lasso loop outside-in technique for meniscal repair. We believe this modified technique represents a simplified, economic, and highly reproducible procedure option whenever an outside-in technique for meniscal repair is considered

Els alumnes de la UOM experimenten amb la investigació mitjançant les històries de vida

La idea d’aquest article és donar a conèixer un dels tallers que la Universitat Oberta per a Majors (UOM) duu a terme amb els alumnes del tercer curs del Diploma Sènior. És un taller que pretén introduir l’alumne en el món de la investigació. Hem triat la metodologia qualitativa i treballam l’elaboració de les Històries de Vida com a element de coneixement d’una època anterior, condicionada per aspectes econòmics, socials i culturals, que les generacions d’ara no poden tenir present, si no és a partir de les vivències de les persones que han viscut, en primera persona, els esdeveniments que han marcat la seva vida i la trajectòria de tota la societat. Basam l’article a definir el que entenem per investigació etnogràfica i, concretament, les Històries de Vida. Seguidament, exposarem el taller que la UOM tira endavant amb els alumnes del tercer curs. Després, quatre alumnes ens mostraran una part del seu treball de final de curs i, per acabar, reflectim la valoració que han fet les alumnes del taller que han cursat durant el curs acadèmic 2010-2011.La idea de este artículo es dar a conocer uno de los talleres que la Universitat Oberta per a Majors (UOM) está llevando a cabo con sus alumnos de tercer curso del Diploma Sènior. Es un taller que pretende introducir al alumno en el mundo de la investigación. Se ha elegido la metodología cualitativa y, dentro de ésta, se trabaja la elaboración de las Històries de Vida como elemento de conocimiento de una época anterior, condicionada por aspectos económicos, sociales y culturales, que las generaciones de ahora no pueden tener presente si no es a partir de las vivencias de aquellas personas que han vivido en primera persona los acontecimientos que han marcado su vida y la trayectoria de toda la sociedad. El artículo se basará en definir lo que entendemos por investigación etnográfica y, concretamente, las historias de vida. Seguidamente, expondremos el taller que la UOM realiza con sus alumnos de tercer curso; después, cuatro alumnos nos mostrarán una parte de su trabajo de final de curso y, para acabar, la valoración que han hecho las alumnas del taller que han cursado durante el curso académico 2010-2011

ArteFill® Permanent Injectable for Soft Tissue Augmentation: I. Mechanism of Action and Injection Techniques

After more than 25 years of research and development, in October 2006 ArteFill® became the first and only permanent injectable wrinkle filler to receive FDA approval. ArteFill is a third-generation polymeric microsphere-based filler, following its predecessor Artecoll®, which was marketed outside the United States between 1994 and 2006. ArteFill is approved for the correction of nasolabial folds and has been used in over 15,000 patients since its U.S. market introduction in February 2007. No serious side effects have been reported to date according to the FDA’s MAUDE reporting database. ArteFill consists of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres (20% by volume), 30–50 μm in diameter, suspended in 3.5% bovine collagen solution (80% by volume) and 0.3% lidocaine. The collagen carrier is absorbed within 1 month after injection and completely replaced by the patient’s own connective tissue within 3 months. Each cc of ArteFill contains approximately six million microspheres and histological studies have shown that long-term wrinkle correction consists of 80% of the patient’s own connective tissue and 20% microspheres. The standard injection technique is subdermal tunneling that delivers a strand of ArteFill at the dermal–subdermal junction. This strand beneath a wrinkle or fold acts like a support structure that protects against further wrinkling and allows the diminished thickness of the dermis to recover to its original thickness

Reversion of epigenetically mediated BIM silencing overcomes chemoresistance in Burkitt lymphoma

In Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia (BL), achievement of complete remission with first-line chemotherapy remains a challenging issue, as most patients who respond remain disease-free, whereas those refractory have few options of being rescued with salvage therapies. The mechanisms underlying BL chemoresistance and how it can be circumvented remain undetermined. We previously reported the frequent inactivation of the proapoptotic BIM gene in B-cell lymphomas. Here we show that BIM epigenetic silencing by concurrent promoter hypermethylation and deacetylation occurs frequently in primary BL samples and BL-derived cell lines. Remarkably, patients with BL with hypermethylated BIM presented lower complete remission rate (24% vs 79%; P = .002) and shorter overall survival (P = .007) than those with BIM-expressing lymphomas, indicating that BIM transcriptional repression may mediate tumor chemoresistance. Accordingly, by combining in vitro and in vivo studies of human BL-xenografts grown in immunodeficient RAG2(-/-)γc(-/-) mice and of murine B220(+)IgM(+) B-cell lymphomas generated in Eμ-MYC and Eμ-MYC-BIM(+/-) transgenes, we demonstrate that lymphoma chemoresistance is dictated by BIM gene dosage and is reversible on BIM reactivation by genetic manipulation or after treatment with histone-deacetylase inhibitors. We suggest that the combination of histone-deacetylase inhibitors and high-dose chemotherapy may overcome chemoresistance, achieve durable remission, and improve survival of patients with BL